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- BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- Ranchers and scientists have long wondered why
- horses grazing a certain grass (Stipa robusta) in the southwest stumble
- around in a drunken stupor and then collapse into a state of
- unconsciousness for days.
- Once bitten, twice shy. After the horses wake up, they never eat this
- ``sleepy grass'' again.
- Indiana University biologist Keith Clay has studied sleepy grass and
- found it to be infected with an unusual endophyte, a fungus that lives
- inside plant leaves. Alkaloids produced by the fungus are the knockout
- culprits (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine and morphine are other plant-
- produced alkaloids).
- Clay found that the dominant alkaloid in sleepy grass is lysergic
- acid amide, a first cousin of LSD.
- A report of Clay's study will appear in the Dec. 18 issue of the
- journal Natural Toxins.
- Clay's discovery sheds light on a widespread, but unexplained,
- relationship between fungi and grasses.
- Here, as in many other instances, plants and fungi are involved in a
- symbiotic relationship, Clay said. The grass provides a home and food
- for the fungus. The fungus pays room and board by turning the grass into
- an unattractive food source for hungry animals.
- So in this case, ``infection'' isn't such a bad thing -- it's what
- keeps both partners alive.
- But for horses, the sleepy grass predator, eating this grass is
- almost poison. A 150-pound man would become sedated by ingesting but one
- milligram of the alkaloid.
- But a 1,200-pound horse eats 11 pounds of grass daily. And if that
- fresh grass consists of sleepy grass, that means consuming 47 milligrams
- of lysergic acid amide, or nearly six times the per-pound amount that
- sedates man.
- It's no wonder that after this knockout the horses choose somewhere
- else to graze.
- Clay does not fear that this discovery will send hordes of people to
- New Mexico and Arizona seeking a buzz by chewing on some sleepy grass.
- Lysergic acid amide is a sedative, not a hallucinogen like its
- cousin.
- And if the horses' subsequent aversion to the grass is any
- indication, the experience isn't a pleasant one.
- Clay's sleepy grass research is merely the tip of the iceberg of his
- plants and fungi research. His current research involves the
- implications of this symbiotic relationship on agriculture and the
- synthesis of new pharmaceuticals.
-
- --
- --
- Stephan Meyers | artn@uicbert.eecs.uic.edu
- (Art)^n Laboratories, inventors of the Stealth Negative PHSCologram
- (312) 567-3762
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